Ethereum L1 Hits 2025 Record with Over 1.9 Million Daily Transactions

Source: CryptoNewsNet Original Title: Ethereum L1 Hits 2025 Record with Over 1.9 Million Daily Transactions Original Link: According to recent data, the Ethereum network processed a record-breaking 1.91 million transactions on Layer 1 (L1) in a single day, with average transaction fees as low as $0.16. This demonstrates that the network can now handle massive traffic without pricing out normal users.

Major Progress

This combination of high throughput and low costs is the direct result of two major network upgrades executed in 2025: Pectra and Fusaka.

Fusaka went live earlier in the month and was the most immediate catalyst for this record. This upgrade directly expanded the capacity of the Ethereum L1 blockchain by increasing the size of each block by roughly 33%, allowing the L1 network to fit significantly more transactions into every block.

Previously, all nodes had to download all data, which created a bottleneck. PeerDAS, a new feature introduced in Fusaka, enables nodes to verify data “blobs”—large chunks of transaction data—by sampling just tiny parts of them. Blobs, which were introduced in an earlier update called Dencun but expanded here, are like sidecars attached to the main block. They carry data cheaply and don’t compete with standard transactions.

Pectra, which took place in May, laid the groundwork for scaling by optimizing how Layer 2 networks such as certain rollup solutions interact with the main chain. Pectra doubled the number of these “sidecars” from 3 to 6 per block. With double the supply of space for Layer 2 data, the cost for L2s to “settle” on Ethereum dropped significantly, keeping the overall network uncongested.

Remaining Scaling Challenges

Ethernet scaling is still not “finished” despite the massive success of the 2025 upgrades.

The Ethereum ecosystem remains fragmented. Users often find it challenging to use Layer 2 funds without complicated bridges, making fragmentation a major ongoing issue.

Additionally, the database of all accounts, balances, and smart contracts (the “State”) grows larger continuously. Eventually, the State could reach terabytes or petabytes in size. If it becomes too large, ordinary users may not be able to purchase hard drives large enough to run a node.