Currently, major Layer 2 solutions are competing over TPS numbers, but the actual user experience doesn't differ much—this paradox indicates that the core issue isn't throughput.

To illustrate with a courier industry analogy: no matter how fast the delivery fleet is, if the warehouse is overstocked or the sorting system is chaotic, packages will still get lost. Blockchain scaling is the same principle.

The real bottleneck often lies in less obvious infrastructure like data availability (DA). DA is responsible for ensuring that on-chain data can be accessed and verified by all nodes, which is the foundation of network security and true scalability. If DA becomes unstable, the security guarantee of the entire ecosystem will be compromised.

How to solve this? Some protocols adopt cryptographic techniques like erasure coding to split data intelligently and store it in a distributed manner. The results are significant—storage costs can be reduced to a fraction of the original, and verification efficiency can be improved by about ten times. This is akin to jumping from manual reconciliation to barcode scanning, fundamentally rewriting the underlying logic.

With DA in place, upper-layer applications can operate smoothly. The future competition in blockchain isn't just about marketing gimmicks but about who can make data flow and verification—these "dirty jobs"—transparent to users. The meticulous, detail-oriented attitude of technical teams, avoiding shortcuts, may well be a reflection of recognizing this core principle.